Study M840
Study name | Osman A 2021 |
Title | Post-weaning A1/A2 beta-casein milk intake modulates depressive-like behavior, brain u-opioid receptors, and the metabolome of rats |
Overall design | The aim of this study was to investigate the exposure to casein-rich milk containing both A1 and A2 beta-casein variants and casein-free milk beyond the standard weaning age in rats and its influence on behavior, neurochemical, microbial, and metabolic profiles. In the first study, Wistar rats were divided into the following 2 groups (n = 8 in each group): (1) control group, and (2) casein-rich milk group. The control group was not provided with any milk post-weaning, the casein-rich group was provided with casein-rich milk. In the second study, Wistar rats were divided into the following 2 groups (n = 8 in each group): (1) control group, and (2) A1/A2 beta-casein group. For the A1/A2 beta-casein group, rats were provided with milk containing a mixture of A1/A2 beta-casein. In both studies, milk was given from postnatal day (PND) 21 until PND25. Urine and frontal cortex samples were used for 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. |
Study Type | Type1; |
Data available | Unavailable |
Organism | Rat; Wistar rat; |
Categories of depression | Animal model; Other animal model; Other animal model; |
Criteria for depression | Forced swimming test |
Sample size | 32 |
Tissue | Peripheral; Urine; Urine; Central; Brain; Frontal cortex; |
Platform | NMR; NMR: Bruker 600 MHz UltraShield spectrometer (Bruker Biospin, Karlsruhe, Germany); |
PMID | |
DOI | |
Citation | Osman A, Zuffa S, Walton G, et al. Post-weaning A1/A2 beta-casein milk intake modulates depressive-like behavior, brain u-opioid receptors, and the metabolome of rats. iScience. 2021 Aug 28;24(9):103048. |
Metabolite | Citric acid; Glycerol; 3-Hydroxybutyric acid; Glycine; L-Glutamine; Hippuric acid; L-Tyrosine; Choline; Dimethylglycine; Creatinine; Oxoglutaric acid; Ascorbic acid; Fumaric acid; Ethanolamine; Taurine; L-Malic acid; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; Phosphorylcholine; 1-Methylnicotinamide; Glycerophosphocholine; Inosinic acid; Sarcosine; Formic acid; N-Methylnicotinamide; Putrescine; Methylamine; Allantoin; Benzoic acid; Guanosine; Trigonelline; Dimethyl sulfone; Nicotinuric acid; |
